Posts etiquetados ‘Marketing’

Marketing Strategy

Tengo que confesarlo. Soy un gran fan de los nuevos anuncios en que no se me vende ningún producto. De aquellos anuncios que me hacen sonreír y pensar que, en algún lugar, algún genio ideo esos dos minutos para que gente como yo, sin conocimiento de marketing o publicidad de ningún tipo, pudiésemos disfrutar de un anuncio diferentes y además, de manera subliminal, vendernos una marca o producto.

Así es, hoy voy a hablar de lo que algunos expertos califican de publicidad institucional.

La publicidad institucional es aquella parte del marketing diseñada para promocionar una empresa en lugar de un determinado bien o servicio. Puede ser diseñada para hacer que el público tome conciencia de una empresa o para mejorar la reputación y la imagen de una empresa ya existente.

Un ejemplo de este tipo de campañas, y que está teniendo bastante viralidad en la red estos días, es el nuevo anuncio de Coca cola y sus magic pills (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6DB_nstSfbw)

coca cola obesity

Como os decía, a mi este tipo de publicidad me parece original, diferente, y con un mensaje subliminal hacia la marca muy decente. Sin embargo, cuando lo intento enfocar desde un punto de vista empresarial, si queréis incluso económico, algunas preguntas me asaltan:

–      ¿Porque este tipo de empresas realizan este tipo de publicidad?

–      ¿Qué tipo de beneficio directo les aporta? Y más si ya tienen sus publicidad y sus campañas trimestrales

–      ¿Existe algún indicador que nos indique el efecto de estas campañas en ventas, fidelización o acercamiento a nuevos consumidores?

La razón detrás de muchas de estas campañas es principalmente lo que en marketing se llama “Brand awareness” o conocimiento de marca. Este tipo de campañas están normalmente dirigidas a que el público conozca una nueva empresa o marca que está siendo lanzada al mercado. Si bien, en el ejemplo de Coca cola, creo que estaremos todos de acuerdo en que esta empresa no necesita, para nada, darse a conocer más aún.

Entonces, porque? Muchos de los expertos coinciden que este tipo de campañas publicitarias son para posicionar a la marca delante posibles amenazas provenientes del entorno social.

Creo que este ejemplo lo simboliza muy bien: La sociedad está cada vez más preocupada por la obesidad y el sedentarismo de su población. La Coca cola como producto, que tan instaurada está en nuestra sociedad, ha sido varias veces señalada como bebida que ayuda o induce a grados de obesidad mayores que otro tipo de bebidas. En consecuencia, se crea un anuncio en el que, si bien no se menciona en ningún momento esta posible consecuencia de la bebida, se promueve la acción contra el sedentarismo y se posiciona a la marca como compañía con esa conciencia social.

Entender esto nos lleva quizá a responder a la siguiente pregunta ya que no existe un beneficio de forma directa para una campaña de este tipo y aún menos, un indicador que pueda definir el impacto de esta campaña, pues no estamos enfocando la publicidad a un producto ni a una promoción en concreto.

En conclusión, y según mi humilde opinión, estas campañas no pertenecen a la implementación del plan anual táctico de las empresas, ya que no se busca un beneficio directo con ellas. Estas campañas pertenecen a la parte más estratégica de la empresa. Estas acciones son las que llamamos de contingencia, ya que una vez se han definido las amenazas futuras de la empresa, es el momento de implementar acciones que nos posicionen y nos fortalezcan en aquellos puntos donde hay mayores gaps.

No quería acabar sin antes, preguntaros…

¿Qué pasaría si este tipo de publicidad, más inclinada al marketing de guerrilla, no fuese promocionada por una empresa ni llevase como objetivo el conocimiento y/o fortalecimiento de una marca?

¿Qué pasaría si, el único objetivo de esta fuera… no sé, la felicidad de las personas, o el bien social?

Os dejo un link de unas personas que así lo creyeron:

(The fun theory: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2lXh2n0aPyw)

L’emigrant

Marketing Strategy

I have to confess that I am a big fan of the new ads that do not sell any products. Ads that make me smile and think that, somewhere, some genius thought and created those two minutes for people like me with no knowledge of marketing or advertising of any kind, to be able to enjoy a different ad and also subliminally, sell us a brand or product.

So, today I will talk about what some experts describe as institutional advertising.

Institutional advertising is that part of marketing designed to promote a company instead of a particular good or service. It can be designed to make the public aware of a company or to enhance the reputation and image of an existing company.

An example of this type of campaign, which is having quite viral on the net these days indeed, is the new ad for Coca Cola and its magic pills (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6DB_nstSfbw).

coca cola obesity

As I said, this type of advertising seems original to me. A very decent way to transmit a subliminal message to the brand. However, when trying to understand these campaigns from a business standpoint, some initial questions come to my mind:

–      What are the reasons behind this kind of advertising?

–      DO they bring any kind of direct benefit to the company

–      Is there an indicator that could measure the effect of these actions on sales, loyalty or approach to new consumers?

The reason behind many of these campaigns is what in marketing is mainly called Brand awareness. Such campaigns are usually aimed at the public to know a new company or brand that is being rolled out. Although, in the example of Coca cola, I think we will all agree that they are not looking to increase their awareness among the customers.

Why then? Many experts agree that such campaigns can be also launched to position the brand in front of future potential threats from social environment.

I think Coca cola’s example is the perfect one: Society is increasingly concerned about obesity and its sedentary population. Coca-Cola as the institutionalized product that we know, has been repeatedly finger pointed as drink that can induce to higher levels of obesity than other drinks. Consequently, Coca cola decides to create an ad where actions against obesity such as walking, running or doing any kind of exercise are promoted, positioning themselves as a company who is concerned about social concerns (even though there is no mention at all about the product and its effects).

Understanding the reason behind the ad, leads us to answer the question about the existence of a direct benefit from the campaign. This type of marketing is not profitable or is not translated into direct benefits, let alone an indicator that can define the impact of this campaign. The benefits from these type of campaigns are completely indirect and no KPI could get to track its consequences.

Concluding, I believe that these campaigns do not belong to the tactical implementation of the annual plan, because they are not seeking a direct benefit to them. However, these campaigns belong to the most strategic part of the company. These actions belong to what we call contingency plans. Once the company’s future threats have been defined, it is time to implement actions that will strengthen our position where major gaps are.

Before finishing, and after all the reasoning behind institutional marketing, …

What if this type of advertising, more inclined to a guerrilla marketing, had no meaning to promote or strengthen a brand and their products?

What if the only objective was … I do not know,  the happiness of the people, or the social benefit?

Here a link where some people tried to succeed on this last one:

(The fun theory: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2lXh2n0aPyw)

L’emigrant

poker finance

It’s 3 am, and Doyle is still in the laundry’s basement located on Rodeo Street in Amarillo, Texas. Dark room filled with gray and shiny smoke sliding to the beat of the cards. Cheap whiskey glasses perched on a green mat surrounded by plastic chips of different colors that cover dozens of bills. This is the weekly game played by judges, lawyers and some other friends.

Surely, this script will sound familiar from countless movies. Indeed, it is an illegal poker game. Fortunately, the stereotype of poker games has changed dramatically, thanks to the boom experienced in 2003 with the well-known story of Chris Moneymaker, the accountant for a small company who invested 39$ in a satellite tournament for the WSOP (World Series of Poker) and ended up winning for 2.500.000$.

Since then, the paradigm of poker conceived as dark, dangerous and mafia related, has been sharply redirected, being considered a sport based on the mind, strategy and statistics, and players have become Celebrities who appear regularly on TV or movies. The game has changed its course, demystifying the play by intuition and bluffs like in ancient Western, to focus on the professionalization, the study of the rivals, the image and the player’s own game, the application of economic theories, probabilities and investment analysis.

For this reason, we want to bring the approach of making poker decisions with how we make decisions in business.

In poker, the decision to contribute a chip or more to the pot, is based on 3 parameters called REM, which appears for the first time published in the book Professional No Limit Hold’em Volume I (Flynn, Metha & Miller ). REM is an abbreviation for Range, Equity, and Maximize.

Range is the estimate set of possible hands your opponent can be holding. Applied to the business world, in any market, my company will always have to be aware of its competition. Let’s say, what products / services are my competitors selling? What products are they researching or developing? How are they focusing on customer attraction strategies? How do they use social media? Knowing the range of action of my competition will help my company determine viable and feasible strategies to gain competitive advantage when launching a new product, negotiating strategic alliances or designing marketing campaigns.

Equity (Value of my hand) once the range is set, we compare it to the hand we are holding and evaluate the way it plays against my opponent’s range. I will be able to determine a % of times my hand will win against a specific range. In the same way, what is my current market share? What products / services is my company offering? How many human and financial resources does my company have to compete? Basically, I need to know in deep my weaknesses, threats, strengths and opportunities (SWOT) which define my company.

Maximize the Expected Value (Maximize) known the range of my opponent, and my chances of winning, all that remains is to decide the best action/move. Applied to business, I know my competition’s offer and their strategies; even I have analyzed what products they are trying to develop and their market share. Deepen in the study of their balance sheets and then it is just an exercise of comparing this information with the one I have from my company. This exercise will help me design the strategies for the future both short and long term. I will be able to discern where to invest, how to attract more customers, what products investigate or how to position my brand on the market in order to differentiate from my competition.

At the end of the day, this process will get a direct and profound knowledge of my company’s SWOT and will help create and implement competitive advantages that will translate into sales increase, costs saving or brand awareness improvement.

poker finance 2

Linker

En los últimos años ha ganado peso dentro del mundo del marketing el denominado neuromarketing. Es un tipo especializado de Investigación de mercados que utiliza mediciones biométricas (actividad cerebral, dirección de la mirada, ritmo cardíaco, respuesta galvánica de la piel, etc.) de manera que se miden cambios físicos y biológicos que normalmente el consumidor no nota. Lo que se consigue es medir los efectos que la publicidad y otras acciones de comunicación que tiene en el cerebro humano, tanto conscientemente como sobretodo subconscientemente, con la intención de poder llegar a predecir la conducta del consumidor. La cadena francesa France 2 emitió recientemente un documental en el que se habla de ello.

 

Un ejemplo de la aplicación del neuromarketing fue el experimento de Pepsi y Coca-Cola, de Samuel McClure. Sin conocer las marcas, un poco más del 50% de los voluntarios preferían Pepsi, mientras que al conocer las marcas, un 75% se decantaron por Coca-Cola. McClure vio que al tener información de la marca la actividad del cerebro cambiaba considerablemente, interfiriendo una parte del subconsciente (la corteza pre-frontal del cerebro)  en la percepción del gusto, de manera que hacía que aquél producto les gustase más.

NeuromarketingOtro ámbito de aplicación del neuromarketing es el marketing olfativo. De hecho, el olfato va directamente a la parte emocional del cerebro, sin pasar por la racional, y por tanto, no lo podemos evitar. Por ejemplo, en 2006 McDonalds encargó un estudio de neuromarketing (mediante aparatos de resonancias magnéticas) para encontrar una fragancia que el consumidor relacionase con la marca. Se quería buscar una fragancia relacionada con la naturaleza, para re-posicionar la imagen de marca como saludable. Según los responsables de McDonalds, se probaron 3 fragancias en los restaurantes y se decidió añadir la fragancia en los productos de limpieza para que no fuese invasiva para los clientes. No obstante, se desestimó el proyecto porque los fabricantes de dichos productos de limpieza no accedieron a añadir las fragancias por motivos técnicos de fabricación.

Si ampliamos la perspectiva, una de las claves del marketing es conocer al máximo detalle lo potenciales consumidores (deseos, aficiones, hábitos, etc), a través de investigaciones de mercado, como entrevistas en profundidad o focus group. ¿Es lícito hacerlo a través del subconsciente? ¿Es manipulación teniendo en cuenta que no nos damos cuenta? ¿O da igual porque al fin y al cabo sirve para ofertar productos que subconscientemente preferimos respecto a otros, con lo que es positivo para las personas? ¿Se tendría que prohibir el hecho de hacer experimentos con el subconsciente humano con fines onerosos?

En otras palabras, ¿Influir sobre el inconsciente de las personas para incitarlo a comprar es manipular? La definición de la RAE de manipular es: Intervenir con medios hábiles y, a veces, astutos, en la política, en el mercado, en la información, etc., con distorsión de la verdad o la justicia, y al servicio de intereses particulares.

El debate está abierto y es complejo, y de hecho la Neuromarketing Science & Business Association ha creado un código de ética. ¿Es suficiente con ello? Mi opinión es que el primer paso es que las empresas que usan este tipo de técnicas deberían hacerlos saber a la sociedad, de manera que los consumidores sean conscientes de ello y puedan analizar mejor su proceso de decisión de compra. ¿Qué pensáis vosotros?

Naujip

During the last years, there has been one discipline that has gained notoriety among marketing: neuromarketing. It is a specialized kind of market research that consists in the application of neuroscience techniques in the area of marketing, by analyzing the effects that advertising and other communication tools have in the human brain. Biometrics, such as heart rate, respiratory rate or galvanic skin response are used, being the final goal to be able to anticipate consumers’ behavior. The network channel France 2 broadcasted a documentary about it.

An example of the multiple applications of neuromarketing is the experiment about Pepsi and Coke, conducted by Samuel McClure. In his experiment, without being aware of the brands, a little bit more of 50% of the subjects preferred Pepsi. On the other hand, when they knew the brand they were drinking, 75% of them chose Coke as more tasty than Pepsi. McClure saw that when people had information regarding the brand of the beverage the brain activity changed substantially, interfering a part of the subconscious (the pre-frontal cortex) in the taste perception, which made them like Coke better.

Neuromarketing

Another area where neuromarketing is being used is the olfactory marketing. As a matter of fact, smell goes straight to the emotional part of the brain, by-passing the rational tart, and therefore one cannot avoid it. For example, in 2006 McDonalds ordered some neromarketing research (that was conducted with magnetic resonance techniques) in order to find a fragance that the consumer matched with the brand. The fragrance searched had to be connected with nature, because the aim was to reposition the brand into more healthy. According to McDonalds, 3 different fragrances were tested in restaurants and finally they decided to include that fragrance in the cleaning products because this way it would not be intrusive to customers. However, in the end the project was dismissed, due to technical reasons.

If we broaden our perspective away from neuromarketing, one of the keys of marketing is learning up to a maximum extent the potential consumers (their wishes, hobbies, habits, etc.) through market research, like in-depth interviews or focus groups. Is it fair to do it through one’s subconscious? Is it manipulation, bearing in mind that we do not notice it? Or it does not matter because in the end it helps companies to offer products that in the subconscious we prefer among others? Should experimenting with the human subconscious (with the objective of earning money) be prohibited?

In other words, having influence in people’s subconscious and encourage them to purchase is manipulating? The definition of the RAE of manipulating is: Intertervening in politics, in markets, in the information, etc, with clever means or tools, while distorting the truth or justice, and with personal interests in stake.

The discussion is open and it is complex. In fact, the Neuromrketing Science & Business Association has recently created a code of ethics. Is it enough? My opinion is that the first step to be taken is letting the society know which companies use such techniques. This way, consumers can take better purchase decisions. What do you think?

Naujip